prostitution Archives - Page 2 of 3 - Shared Hope International

October 14, 2011 by Guest

Purchasing Power: Why Do Johns Buy Sex?

The comprehensive new study, “Comparing Sex Buyers with Men Who Don’t Buy Sex,” headed by Melissa Farley, is a follow-up to Farley’s 2009 study, and discusses the characteristics of men who buy sex versus those who don’t. Besides their involvement with prostitution, they revealed different attitudes and behaviors when it came to sex. An overwhelming amount of johns reported that prostitutes “like” to have sex, which contrasted with the view of one non-sex buyer who said “They don‘t enjoy it at all. They just blank their mind out. Men think they enjoy it, but it is just fake.” Furthermore, non-sex buyers revealed that “coercing” someone by paying them for sex was not a “turn-on” for them.

Johns reported that they purchased sex because they were guaranteed submissiveness on the part of the prostituted woman or child. The distinct power imbalance and lack of relationship obligation was noted as a driving factor for those who purchase sex. Many of the johns reported having girlfriends or wives, and say they purchase sex to do the “dirty” sex acts that they would not do with their significant others because these acts could cause her to lose her self esteem. Though sex buyers recognize these distinctions, many commented that the sense of entitlement and degradation towards woman that develops from purchasing sex taints other relationships and their general attitude towards women.

Two-thirds of both the sex buyers and non-sex buyers observed that a majority of women are lured, tricked, or trafficked into prostitution; however, this failed to deter sex buyers from purchasing sex. Almost all study participants agreed that minors were readily available to purchase for sex. About a third of sex buyers knew many prostituted women started when they were underage, but this also provided no deterrence from purchasing sex.

One non-sex buyer illustrated an understanding of the force used in prostitution:

“I don‘t think prostitution is quite the same as rape. Rape is worse. But it‘s close to the rape end of the spectrum. It‘s not rape, because there is superficial consent. On the face of it, the prostitute is agreeing to it. But deeper down, you can see that life circumstances have kind of forced her into that, even though she has agreed to it. It‘s like someone jumping from a burning building—you could say they made their choice to jump, but you could also say they had no choice.”

When asked what would deter them from buying sex, the top three deterrents incorporated consequences that would cause the buyer to be identified, these included: 1) added to a sex offender registry (89%), photo/name in local paper (84%), photo/name on billboard/poster (84%). Community service and having to attend an education program ranked as the least likely to deter a buyer from purchasing sex.

In efforts to slash demand, the Defenders, an initiative of Shared Hope, encourages accountability through the Defenders pledge that they will never purchase sex or engage in other exploitative behaviors. The Defenders host truck stop campaigns and motorcycle rallies to draw awareness to the issue and prove that some men defend women rather than exploit them.

June 27, 2011 by Guest

Hide but not seek. Changing America’s response to trafficking.

“Harriet ran away from home when she was 11 years old and moved in with a 32-year-old man who sexually and physically abused her. Then he convinced her to become a prostitute. In the next two years, Harriet became addicted to drugs and contracted numerous sexually transmitted diseases. The police arrested Harriet when she was 13 and charged her with committing prostitution, and placed her on probation for 18 months in the custody of juvenile probation officials. Her lawyers have appealed the decision, arguing that since she could not legally consent to sex, she cannot face prostitution-related charges. The police made no efforts to find her pimp.” (United States Department of State)

Harriet is just one example of 100,000 American children who are sexually exploited through prostitution in the United States each year. Many children are vulnerable for sexual exploitation because of their age, emotional instability due to unstable home life, history of sexual abuse, and/or being a chronic runaway. As many as 2.8 million American children run away from home each year. Within 48 hours of hitting the streets, experts estimate one-third of these children are lured or recruited into the underground world of prostitution and pornography.

The Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act (TVPA) in 2000 created the tools to enable the U.S. government to address the prosecution of traffickers, protection for victims, and prevention of human trafficking. However, protecting victims and prosecuting traffickers is a challenging and complex process.

One of the greatest challenges faced in the prosecution of domestic sex traffickers and pimps is the separation of the victim from their immediate environment long enough to help them realize they are in fact victims. Most are under the severe psychological and physical control of their pimp, and trauma bonds between victims and pimps are very difficult to break. Trafficking victims often remain loyal to their trafficker, sometimes suffering arrest and prosecution to protect the identity of their trafficker. When this occurs, victims may be sent to juvenile facilities or back to their often dysfunctional family, instead of receiving safe shelter and necessary care such as psychological counseling. This experience could re-traumatize the child, causing greater distrust against the criminal justice system and increasing the possibility of the child returning to their trafficker.

States have increasingly started recognizing the importance of identifying and protecting trafficked minors through legislative and advocacy efforts; however, it is still not enough. The ongoing efforts of the justice system, NGOs, and non-profit organizations are crucial to meet and overcome the challenge of protecting the children in our country

April 14, 2011 by webdesigner

Sacrifice made at the cost of convenience – Sexual exploitation on the Internet

National Pornography Statistics estimatethat 68 million pornographic search engine requests are made daily, equaling 25% of total requests. There are currently 4.2 million pornographic websites on the Internet. Among these, 100,000 websites offer illegal child pornography. This shows that many children are being exploited daily.

Due to the highly unregulated nature and anonymity of the internet, pimps and buyers are able to conceal their own identities and use this platform for criminal activities with minimal risk of prosecution. While sex trafficking is not a new phenomenon, the Internet is a new source for sex traffickers to find vulnerable women and sell them for sexual exploitation.

In addition to Internet pornography, sexual exploitation occurs in different forms such as websites that offer advertisement services. Most commonly known is Craigslist. Before shutting down its “Adult services” section, there was an average of 1,690 advertisements posted each day on the New York City board alone. Craigslist produced an estimated $80 million in annual profits from the “adult services” postings. There are also other sites still offering similar advertisement services, including Backpage.com, CityVibe.com, and Eros.com. Those websites allow customers to browse and compare the characteristics, photographs and prices of a large number of individuals selling or being forced to sell sex.

In addition to advertisement services, social networking websites are becoming nests of prostitution. According to a study by Sudhir Venkatesh, a professor at Columbia University, 83 percent of sex workers advertise their services on Facebook. He also estimates that, by the end of 2011, Facebook will be the leading online recruitment space for prostitution.

Although it is a fact that the Internet facilitates many illegal activities, it does not only do harm. If it is used for a right purpose, the Internet can be a very useful tool for many good causes.

For example, Change.org has an option for individuals or groups to start a petition for different issues of concern. Here is one success story. Last August, the United Kingdom chose to opt out of the European Union’s Directive on human trafficking, leaving hundreds of British children at risk. After pressure from tens of thousands of advocates across the globe, including several hundred on Change.org, the U.K. government has opted in to the EU’s anti-trafficking initiative. This action significantly strengthened the fight against human trafficking on the European continent.

As much as the Internet contributes to sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of women and children, it can be used in many ways to bring public awareness and help alleviate the issue if we all work together.

March 17, 2011 by Guest

“Sex for Sale” – Sexuality as a Commodity

The world economy is a bustling market supported by trades of commodities such as clothing, food, cars, electronics and more. Unfortunately, a darker industry prevails in the exchange of cash for innocence. In this commercial sex market, sexuality is reduced to a commodity. Where humanity is stripped, a price tag is replaced.

The detachment of human intimacy from sexual relationship is perpetuated by men who purchase sex, forced upon women who are exploited through prostitution and aggravated by social acceptance of the commercial sex industry.

According to a study of male buyers of prostitution by Monto and Julka , a buyer’s belief that sex is a commodity significantly predicted the acceptance of the rape myth (false belief to rationalize and blame a woman for bringing the rape upon herself as well as the belief that prostitution decreases rape cases), attraction to violent sexuality, less frequent use of condoms, support for prostitution, and the attitude that prostitution is positive for women.

While these factors contribute to the buyer’s role in reducing sexuality to a commodity, violence and exploitation cast damaging effects on victims’ perception of sexuality.

Typical intimate, personal relationship involves genuine intimacy, sharing and respect for each other. Prostitution removes these aspects natural to human relationship. It may result in internalized dehumanization and objectification of women by both the buyer and woman herself. Psychologically, this tendency could cause negative consequences for women such as habitual body monitoring, shame and anxiety, and mental health problems.

These dynamics are further aggravated by society’s glamorization of the commercial sex industry and acceptance of increasingly graphic sexual images.

In all but one U.S. state, prostitution is illegal; however, the commercial sex industry is booming. Commercialization of sexuality plays a significant role in considering sexuality as a commodity. We, as a society, allow this to happen by creating a culture of tolerance for sexual exploitation. Advertisements that boast scantily clad women endorsing products further create systemic, cultural stereotypes and perpetuate the association of women as sexual objects. Provocative images of women’s bodies for high fashion brands are one example.

As we continue to accept the commercialization of sexuality in society, the market demand for prostitution as well as trafficking in women will increase. This displaced sexual value gives false notion that buyers have unlimited access to sexual acts and images, thus making all women and children vulnerable to the exploitation of the commercial sex industry. NOW is the time to reverse the commodification of sexuality. Together, we can replace the price tag of exploitation with the humanity of restoration.

March 11, 2011 by Guest

Why So Young? — Why the average age a child is first exploited through prostitution is 13

The AVERAGE age a child is first exploited through prostitution is 13 years old.

This shocking number is not a coincidence or evidence that today’s youth are more delinquent than the generations before them. Rather, it reveals the fact that pimps are using more manipulative tactics to recruit younger girls.

To understand why the average age of entry is so young, we must understand the strategy used by pimps. When many people think of sex trafficking, they think of kidnapped children enslaved in a foreign brothel. However, the commercial sexual exploitation of minors occurs in every corner in the U.S. While kidnapping for the purpose of sex trafficking does occur in America, a common tactic used by pimps is trauma bonding. According to Patrick J. Carnes, Ph.D., trauma bonding is defined as the “Dysfunctional attachments that occur in the presence of danger, shame or exploitation.” Pimps often implement this strategy by initially playing the role of a girl’s boyfriend. He takes her out to nice places and showers her with gifts in an effort to gain her trust. As the relationship continues, the pimp starts to exert more power over the girl, engaging in increasingly rough sexual activity, and even beating her. Eventually, the pimp convinces the girl that they are low on money. Isolated from her friends and family, she often has no choice but to comply with the pimp’s demands to sell her body for sex. The trauma bonding process brainwashes the victim into believing that she is choosing to engage in this lifestyle, despite the fact that every step was calculated by the pimp to manipulate her.

According to Shared Hope International’s “National Report on Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking,” 70% of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking (DMST) victims have experienced physical or sexual abuse prior to being trafficked. In addition, the risk of being trafficked increases exponentially for children who run away from broken homes or abuse. In fact, research indicates that 1 in 3 girls will be trafficked within 48 hours of running away. Girls who have an absent father figure may also be more likely to be targeted for the commercial sex trade. Many DMST victims have one or both parents in jail or on drugs. Though these factors may increase the risk for a girl to be targeted for exploitation in the commercial sex industry, a girl’s most vulnerable point is simply her age. Young girls are often more susceptible to rely on the perceived love and security that a pimp initially offers. Additionally, youth brings a lack of life experience, a lack of social support, an increased difficulty to meet financial needs for survival and fewer coping mechanisms.

In such a lucrative industry, utilizing minors to meet the demand for paid sex is a sly business move – one that turns a huge profit for pimps. Thus, in an industry driven by an ever growing demand, the young and impressionable provide the most convenient and profitable supply for pimps. Shared Hope International is committed to ending domestic minor sex trafficking and activating a nation that protects, rather than purchases, our children.